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An proxy is also known as a proxy server. It is a program that acts to act as an intermediary for client and server via the internet. Without the proxy, a customer would send a request for every resource straight to server, and servers would deliver any requested resources directly to the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and use however the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages like increased speed, privacy and security, and so on. In addition to providing a layer of security proxy servers function as a security guard for the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the system of servers that are equipped with proxy software is commonly referred as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies traditionally defined as software, and specifically with respect to web servers. We will give a synopsis of the two major types of proxy that are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each kind has a distinct use, which could be confusing due to the same name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of different types of proxy and subtypes, and their value for common setups. Through this article you'll be able know the scenarios where you can benefit by a proxy and determine the best alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy in any given circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to as open proxy, sometimes referred to as open proxy serves as an agent for the user who wishes to make a request over the internet to an source server. In this case every request sent by the user will be handled by this forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in instead of the user will look into the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed to accept requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it can either refuse the request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. it will only be capable of accessing the information that the forward proxy allows its access.




A very common applications for forward proxy servers is increased security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client's individual account, and in the process, it may use a different IP address, in contrast to the IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's set up, and how it's configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features and allow you to:




Do not click on ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security and permission based access to the internet, for instance at a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer administrator can permit only certain users access to the internet. This is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer which may include multiple machines with different user configurations, firewalls may be placed on the proxy layer that is in front.




Be aware that forward proxies should be manually configured for use, while reverse proxy servers could be not recognized from the clients. Depending on the kind of IP address the client's connection to the server that generated it via the forward proxy privacy and security may either be provided or rendered clear.




There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy functionality.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It does not contain the whole web server. We recommend you read our article on the best way to install Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure an Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server, which takes care of requests from customers on its behalf. This server can serve as a single server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations, a request would come via the web at large. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the web server, along with the resources the client requires. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating your website server from communicating with the web's public.




From a consumer's point viewpoint from the perspective of a client, using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to an internet server direct. It's basically the same, but the client can't discern the distinction. The client asks for the resource and then gets it without any further configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies provide options like:




A central layer of security to guard the server.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules that you can establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this feature only to only the server layer and only the layer that clients use. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the server layer which could include multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers permits them to focus on only the requirements of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy manages the routing of requests towards the server that is hosting them. Multiple web servers could be serving the same resource, serving different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may use the HTTP protocol for functioning as a standard web server, but they may also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based on the requested source, and to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic volume.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their position prior to web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent from reaching web servers with every time you request. There are solutions offering the possibility of serving static content without needing to interact with the webserver at all. Additionally, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become a well-known reverse proxy choice. Although Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities, it is an added feature for Apache but Nginx was designed originally to and is focused on the reverse proxy function.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic can confuse because both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to study the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is a vital aspect in the design of a solution to serve web-based applications via the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful in displaying customer information to your personal use or for use in a working environment. They represent the client's information every time you interact with them on the internet.




A distinction based upon use cases instead of focusing on naming conventions that are similar will make it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified definition of a proxy. There are two kinds of proxy being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in the benefits of proxy servers, you can follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web server and reverse proxy within Apache in Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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